What significant medical discovery was made by Canadian scientists Banting and Best to aid those with diabetes?

• A. Glucose
• B. Insulin
• C. Oxytocin
• D. Adrenaline

Answer: (B)

The significant medical discovery made by Canadian scientists Frederick Banting and Charles Best was insulin, which is crucial for people with diabetes. Before the discovery of insulin in 1921, diabetes was a life-threatening condition that often resulted in severe complications and fatalities due to high blood sugar levels. Banting and Best's research demonstrated that insulin could effectively regulate blood sugar, dramatically changing the lives of those with diabetes by providing a means to manage their condition.

Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that allows the body to use glucose for energy. When Banting and Best first extracted insulin from the pancreas of dogs and later administered it to diabetic dogs, they observed a significant drop in blood sugars and improvements in health. This breakthrough led to the development of insulin therapy for humans, transforming the treatment of diabetes from a desperate situation into a manageable chronic illness.

Other options presented, such as glucose, are related to the condition but are not treatments for diabetes. Oxytocin and adrenaline are hormones with different functions in the body and do not directly relate to the management of diabetes. Thus, the correct answer highlights the groundbreaking contribution of Banting and Best to medical science and diabetes treatment.